This paper is concerned with role-playing in psychotherapy. Although it is argued at some length, the relationship to psychoanalysis is not clearly demonstrated. The author encourages role-playing by the therapist and justifies it by asserting that the therapist is never neutral. Several techniques in role-playing are discussed: to permit the patient to direct the therapist, to support or mirror the resistance of the patient rather than interpret it, to side with the patient or to be the antagonist whom the patient must defeat, to assume the role of the hostile introject. One wonders about a beginning therapist attempting role-playing, which appears to call for the utmost skill, experience, and flexibility.