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Beres considers three theoretical areas which he feels require clarification. 1. The danger of reifying the three components id, ego, and superego; for instance, referring to certain memories or fantasies as contents of the id instead of regarding them as products of specific functions that are in turn allocated to one or another structure of the psyche. 2. The confusion resulting from using the concept of structure less specifically than Freud without indicating the fact; for instance, broadening the definition of structure to include any persisting functional unit or organized psychic element instead of limiting it to include the three structures of the psyche, all without indicating the change of meaning involved. 3. The need for continued emphasis on the functional basis of structure in psychoanalysis. The great value of the functional approach is its applicability to clinical observation. Also, it is in keeping with the wider, modern scientific trend away from analyzing into 'things' toward analyzing into 'processes'. A more fortunate choice of terminology for Freud's tripartite division of functional systems might have been 'the functional theory of psychoanalysis', but the name is of secondary importance.