The author is among those who, for some time, have expressed dissatisfaction with the libido theory. He proposes an affect theory to the effect that the earliest representations of self and objects are laid down in polarizations around positive and negative affect-representatives. Kaywin redefines narcissism and masochism as positive and negative self-representations respectively. He uses the term ego rather reluctantly but superego is not mentioned. This is particularly noticeable in his discussion of aggression and destructiveness.