Drs. Parker and Kleiner present a detailed exposition of their research into the social and social-psychological factors in mental illness. The study was conducted in a Negro community of Philadelphia where they had previously studied the rates of mental illness in migrants and natives. This work stimulated them to study the psychopathogenic effects of goal-striving behavior. As social scientists they have drawn the theoretical and conceptual framework for this project from their field and have assigned central importance to the discrepancy between achievement and aspiration as a fundamental element in goal-striving stress.