Three cases are used to illustrate four internalization mechanisms that can be identified in connection with object loss: 1, depressive introjection as part of the work of mourning; 2, symptomatic identifications functioning simultaneously to bring back the loved one and punish death wishes; 3, personality identifications occurring frequently under stress and taking the form of the loved one's mannerisms and traits; and 4, constructive identifications following the depressive period in which the mourner takes up the life and interests of the loved one.