While many analysts take issue with the view that they use their own reality sense and value judgments in their work, investigation shows they employ these faculties in their actual work with patients. With the psychoses this is clearly shown. An analyst uses his own reality when he decides the voices a

patient is hearing are hallucinations. Yet psychoses only vary in degree from other conditions. In less severe conditions such judgments, as, for instance, the degree of external reality in the patient's data, determine interventions by the analyst. The analyst uses his judgment as to the presence or absence of neurosis, the distortions and economics of the various mental institutions, and the state of the patient's environment compared with the 'average expectable' one.