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DISCUSSION: Dr. Victor Rosen referred to the process of verbalization in this and in Dr. Balkanyi's earlier paper, On Verbalization. Her use of the term to represent the central psychic phenomenon of transition from thought to speech as distinct from the process of speaking itself is an important contribution. Using the author's distinction between nonverbal thought, verbalization of inner speech, and communicative language, Dr. Rosen described schizophrenia as a paradigm of a disorder of the thought process with secondary effects upon the function of language, stuttering as a paradigm of a verbalizing disturbance with secondary effects on thought and language, and aphasia as a paradigm of a disorder of the language function.
Dr. Maurice Friend summarized Dr. Balkanyi's work on verbalization, stressing her differentiation of speech and verbalization. Verbalization is decisive in ego and superego formation and has a dual function of inhibiting affectivity and ensuring meaning. Dr. Friend spoke of Ekstein's work on echolalia and Piaget's work showing the dependence of causal thinking on the evolution of the mental apparatus. Speech disturbances are multidetermined and respond poorly to analytic treatment.