This excellent paper discusses the diverse points of view concerning the goals of analysis and the analytic process necessary for achieving these goals, including comments on structural changes as opposed to amelioration of symptoms as an ultimate aim. The opinions of various authors concerning the possibility of achieving structural change are described; the technique leading to re-orientation of the psychic to bring about harmony amongst id, ego, and superego; the limitations of analysis and its widening scope; whether insight and working through may suffice to bring about structural change or whether another dimension must be added, such as relevant action postulated by Wheelis and Valenstein, in order to make the analytic process more effective in achieving its ultimate goals.