This is a compact and well-reasoned evaluation of the friction among analysts in any congress. The authors note differences among the analysts in approach, modality, style, or school of thought. The idiosyncrasies and some of the ontogenetic roots are described; for instance, there are fifty different systems in the Melanie Klein 'school'. In discussing the different meanings of the interpretation and of the analytic process itself, they state, 'We were left with the impression that in the analytic treatment, when the setting and its structure corroborate the preconceived ideas of the analyst, it is in reality an involuntary imposition of the analyst by the sequence, more or less strict, of his interpretation and selection of material, and the patient suffers. In other words, a technical artifact has been created.'