In cases of unsuccessful first analyses, Waldhorn feels that limitations of the analyst are most frequently responsible, particularly failures in persistent analysis of the transference. There is an unwillingness to recognize the limitations of analysis as a therapy. In some cases re-analysis is necessary, not because of any inadequacy of the first analysis, but because analysis cannot ensure against the development of new difficulties with changing life stresses. Unrealistic therapeutic expectations have their roots in the anxiety of the analyst.