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This volume is the twelfth in a series based on the annual meetings of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. The focus of the 1967 meeting was on the relevance of animal behavior studies to an understanding of human behavior and especially to psychoanalytic theory and practice. However, the volume starts with Crowley's presidential address on the medical model in psychoanalysis and ends with a description of the residency training program at Tulane by Heath and Shelton that emphasizes community mental health. The effect is to blur the focus of the book.
The main part of the book begins with a short exposition by the eminent behavioral geneticist, Ginsburg, of the studies he and his colleagues have done on genotype-environment interactions in six strains of mice. He points out that with respect to the effect of early stimulation the time of maximum effect differs in all and that the same stimulation during preweaning that increases adult aggression in one strain decreases it in another. The adaptive value becomes clear when we realize that natural populations are mixtures of genetic strains. Ginsburg believes that the ontogenetic mechanisms mediating the effects of early stimulation on later personality reside in neuroendocrine regulation of adrenocortical steroids and has found genes that affect the development of these mechanisms by regulating enzyme production. If homologous