Previous literature on the cognitive function of the ego has concentrated on cognition of external objects. Pressman extends this to the knowledge of the internal state and applies it to the psychoanalytic process. The 'cognitive style',

the patient's scanning of his words and feelings and integrating them into his view of himself, is critical for a successful psychoanalysis. The basic rule should be extended by urging the patient not only to say everything without reservation but also to 'listen to it, to reflect on it, and to use it to increase your knowledge of yourself and your problems'. The cognitive function at work in analyst and patient during psychoanalysis is extensively discussed.