Caudill and Weinstein report on their findings from the first phase of a transcultural study of maternal care and infant behavior, in which mothers and their normal firstborns were observed and rated according to the presence or absence of certain specified behaviors. The subjects were further controlled by including only middle class intact families. Although some of the assumptions and interpretations, such as that the Japanese are more sensitive to nonverbal communication, seem arbitrary or speculative, the findings support the authors' conclusion that maternal behavior results in significant differences in infant behavior when viewed cross-culturally, and these differences are clearly discernible in infants of the three to four month age range. This study extends our knowledge of the determinants of early maternal-infant behavior, and we look forward to the reports of the follow-up observations when the children are two and one half years old and again when they are six years of age, the data collection for which has already been accomplished.