Psychoanalysts have long known that nonauditory signal systems are important in the stream of communication between all persons, including the patient and his doctor. Examples furnished by Freud, Ferenczi, Reich, Adler, and many others during the early decades of psychoanalysis, and the more systematic studies of Felix Deutsch, Sandor Feldman, René Spitz during the 1940's and 1950's come readily to mind. Although some psychoanalysts claim that this body of learning was never lost sight of, there are many others who deplored the trend after 1930 to neglect detailed description, and they were emphatic in their teaching that eyes as well as ears should be used in clinical psychoanalysis and that good description was