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When Gustav Bychowski died on April 3, 1972, in Fez, Morocco, he was on a vacation with his beloved wife, Maria. Zestful, restless, he was to the last curious to know how men lived everywhere.
Born in Warsaw, Poland in 1895, son of a prominent neuropsychiatrist, Gustav Bychowski came of a long line of Jewish scholars. After receiving his medical degree at the University of Zürich, he trained in psychiatry at Burghölzli under Eugen Bleuler and in psychoanalysis in Vienna under Freud. In 1921, he returned to Warsaw where he became a pioneer in psychoanalysis and made the first translation of Freud's Introductory Lectures into Polish. A daring flight from Hitler's invasion of Poland finally brought him and his family to the United States in 1941. His only son, forever mourned, was shot down over Germany while flying with the Britain-based Polish Air Force.
In the course of his long, illustrious career, Bychowski wrote over a hundred and fifty papers and books. Though he left scarcely any subject of psychoanalytic Problematik untouched, his chief interests lay in the psychoses, in artistic creativity, and in sociological issues. A dedicated chinician, he felt the psychoses were a challenge for psychoanalysts and often exhorted his younger colleagues to explore this scantily illuminated territory. His keen clinical observations and deductions, together with his rich speculative mind, brought him to view the psychotic as involved in an endless, mostly futile struggle to rid himself of the conflicts of internalized archaic objects (introjects). By contrast,