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The coöperation of psychoanalysts within the European Federation at the biennial Congress of the German-speaking section is reflected in the contributions of this volume, which deals mainly with problems of technique. E. and G. Ticho's (Topeka) discussions of the working alliance clarify the differing directions of psychoanalytic techniques in the United States and Europe. Indications of a deficient therapeutic alliance are discussed in some detail. These include interruption of treatment, the so-called pseudotherapeutic alliance, the eternal analysand, and the 'all too reasonable' analysand. The authors demonstrate the importance of a cross-cultural international exchange. Theirs is an excellent contribution clarifying technical problems in psychoanalysis which have been neglected for a long time because of the interruption of psychoanalytic education in Germany in recent decades.
F. Morgenthaler's (Zurich) paper compares technique and analytic experience in relationship to the analysts' characteristic patterns of analyzing. He emphasizes the necessity of formulating the therapeutic relationship in structural terms. For example, the problems arising when the analyst becomes a superego representation for the patient are discussed. Since these individual differences are often denied by analysts, Morgenthaler tries to focus on their impact on the therapeutic relationship, encouraging the young analyst to consider his unconscious impulses and defenses that influence his work with the patient.
W. Kemper (Berlin) contributes a condensed version of a 1966 paper given at the Second Pan-American Congress, dealing with transference and countertransference. Quotations from Freud covering forty years elucidate different issues such as 'interpretation of transference', risks and errors, neglect of the important formal aspects in transference, and the overlooking of 'suggestive factors'.
J. Cremerius (Giessen) attempts to systematize all categories of the patient's silence