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During the last twenty years many talented psychoanalysts have dedicated considerable time and energy to supervising psychiatric residents in the psychotherapeutic work with outpatients. The high quality of this supervision has inspired many qualified residents to apply to and be accepted by psychoanalytic institutes. A good supervisory experience focused on long-term therapy with neurotic and borderline outpatients will convince the psychologically oriented resident of the validity of unconscious conflicts and of the way transference and countertransference reactions influence the psychotherapeutic process; it will whet his appetite for the kind of in-depth understanding of these issues that comes from training in psychoanalysis. Particularly now, when the funding of psychiatric residency training programs has been shut off by a shortsighted federal administration and residents are offered a barrage of therapeutic approaches that ignore depth psychology, it is essential that those committed to psychoanalysis reaffirm the crucial part that long-term supervision of psychotherapy should play in the teaching of psychiatric residents.