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Clinical investigation of a borderline patient elicits distortions of the autonomous functions of thought, cognition, and the semantic aspects of language as well as an integrative 'disjunction' manifested by simultaneous but nonconflictual strivings toward contradictory goals. The primary etiological importance of a constitutional defect in the synthetic functions of the ego in the formation of a borderline personality are described. Technical innovations in handling the transference of borderline patients and criteria for diagnosing borderline personalities are given.