Confronted with two conflicting aims—the curing of patients or the carrying forward of psychoanalytic theory—, the analyst should give priority to the latter. For the isolated therapist, avoiding unpleasure at the cost of progress in knowledge is strongly tempting. This tendency is being counteracted in psychoanalytic societies, although their functions are by no means confined to the task of maintaining the primacy of knowledge. Psychoanalytic training should be oriented toward both practice and science. The present reception of psychoanalysis is in part based on a misunderstanding: the necessarily frustrated expectations are apt to breed hate and rejection.