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In examining the psychological phenomena embracing the concept of freedom, Ross cites Freud's statement to the effect that the liberty of the individual is not a benefit of culture. Masochism is one example of the way restrictions on human freedom originate not only in the external world but within the human psyche itself. Aggression is a drive which can be used in either healthy or pathological ways in the ego development of the child. If basic needs such as hunger and thirst are frustrated, violent explosions of aggression may arise in attempts to grasp freedom from those forces which are trying to destroy it. Equally impressive manifestations of attempts to overcome restraint are carried out in pursuit of libidinal and aggressive aims that are not of direct survival value.
Ego psychology points to the infant's gradual struggle from passive symbiosis with the mother to active separation and individuation. Ross assumes that there is a drive within the individual upon which the need for separation and individuation is based. This drive is opposed by the persistent attraction of the symbiotic state. Later, the properties of individualism and self-assertion as seen in a free democratic society oppose official repression and impediments to the free exercise of dissent. The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is not the unthinking acceptance of the status quo in society, but the achievement of healthy change. Ego ascendancy over superego harshness will enable man to deal effectively with rapidly changing conditions in society. Current threats to our freedom and democracy are enhanced by authoritarian upbringing of children. The powerful forces, corporate and governmental, which own and run our country seem more concerned with destroying dissent and remaining in power than in propagating democracy. It has become an urgent matter to preserve man's liberty through active involvement and vigilance for individual rights.