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A study was made of the frequency of psychiatric morbidity in children and grandchildren of women who had been under treatment for puerperal psychosis. This revealed that a record of mental illness or psychiatric treatment was significantly more common among the children of women who had been treated for puerperal psychosis than among the control group selected from the population register. While the same tendency is evident in the grandchildren, it is not statistically significant. The author dismisses the argument that growing up with a mother who has been treated for psychosis might produce psychological stress and contribute to the cause of mental illness. This stand is supported by the distribution of the cases: all twenty-eight of the mentally ill children belonged to only twenty of the forty-three women in the study whose children reached adulthood. And these twenty-eight children had thirty-nine unaffected siblings. In both groups of women—those who had mentally ill children and those who did not—half of the women had been discharged as well and never subsequently came back for treatment. The author suggests that the illness of the mother had little influence on the children and concludes that her study provides strong evidence of genetically operating factors in the general category of puerperal psychosis.