On the basis of the sparse psychological data in the biographical literature about Karl Kraus, Mitscherlich-Nielsen concludes that this great critic attempted to master latent melancholia by directing the aggressions of his conscience outward. The peculiar features of his relationships with women, such as Anni Kalmar and Sidonie Nadherny, apparently resulted from his preference for relationships which permitted the repetition of traumatic separation situations he had originally experienced with his mother. Kraus's praise of promiscuity may also derive from his relations with his mother.