On the basis of her experience as therapist with children and adolescents, the author attempts to define the limits and the potentialities of such treatment. The therapeutic relationship permits the correction of specific defects of socialization within certain limits—for all too few of the children who need treatment. To understand the neurotic and the nonneurotic disturbances prevalent among children, one must view them against the background of the changed social definition of the role of women and the changed function of children in the psychic economy of parents and in the adaptive efforts of family systems. The view of the therapist must therefore reach beyond the immediate doctor-patient relationship, and this requires reforms in training.