Georges Politzer was killed by the German army of occupation in France in 1942 because of his work on behalf of the illegal French Communist Party. In the 1920's, Politzer had published writings critical of psychology, in which he presented psychoanalysis as an approach to a materialist psychology. However, his own conception of a 'concrete psychology' may instead be considered a hermeneutic one of concrete interactional scenes which is carried out by a psychological observer in the form of a psychology of the unconscious. He regarded the concept of the unconscious as a relapse into 'idealistic' abstractions. According to Politzer, the assumption of an unconscious is an erroneous projection of conjectured meanings, derived from psychoanalytic dialogues, onto an imaginary agency in the patient. In this way, Politzer blocked his own access to life history, as well as to social history and a theory of culture. In the 1930's, party ideologist Politzer sacrificed his belief in the significance of psychoanalysis for what he considered the exigencies of the struggle against fascism.