Psychoanalytic Review. LXII, 1975-1976: The Founding of the Psychoanalytic Institute of the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center. An Autobiographical History. Sandor Lorand. Pp. 675-735.

Lorand details the development of the Downstate Institute from his own beginnings in psychoanalysis to the present. He emphasizes Freud's view that psychoanalysis could contribute to medical teaching in universities, enriching the young physician's knowledge of patients. In 1918, the Fifth International Psychoanalytic Congress was held in Budapest. In the same year, psychoanalytic teaching began at the University of Budapest, and a former patient of Freud's contributed money for the founding of a psychiatric clinic in that city. World War I gave additional exposure to the psychoanalytic understanding of traumatic neuroses and increased pressure for further dissemination of psychoanalytic knowledge.

Lorand traces the controversies from the 1920's into the 1940's regarding compulsory training analysis, supervision by personal analysts, didactic course work, and the training of nonmedical analysts. This last issue contributed to a widening breach between the American and European groups, and within the American group, and forced changes in their relationships. World War II intervened and further stimulated interest in psychoanalysis.

An initial attempt to begin psychoanalytic teaching as part of New York University Medical School at Bellevue Hospital failed because the Department could not grant sufficient autonomy to the psychoanalytic faculty. In 1947, Dr. Howard Potter became Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at Long Island College of Medicine (later to become the State University of New York, Downstate), and he welcomed psychoanalysts to the teaching faculty. With Lorand and other analysts on the faculty there, Potter arranged to give sufficient autonomy in selection of faculty, students, courses, and recommendations for graduation to enable a psychoanalytic training program to begin. In return, the training program had to abide by University rules of administration and provide teaching in the Department of Psychiatry. The program began in the fall o