Similar to the previous report, this study shows that the prevalence of reading retardation (underachievement) and reading backwardness was respectively about three times and twice as high in ten-year-old children from the inner London area compared with the same age children on the Isle of Wight. While a definitive comparison between the two populations could not be made, there was a strong tendency for the reading retarded children to have high rates of behavioral difficulties in school.