DISCUSSION: Dr. Jules Glean offered some criticism of the course of the analysis in the light of our current clinical and technical knowledge contraindicating parents' treating their own children or prematurely giving frightening sexual information and interpretations of id content. Dr. Jerome Levine stressed the fact that Freud's paper was designed to show the link between infantile sexuality and adult life and was not offered as a study of developmental phenomena in depth or as a paradigm of the treatment of a child. Dr. Harold Blum pointed out the role reversal between Freud and Hans's father. He wondered if Hans's fear of object loss might have been an appropriate apprehension of the parents' subsequent divorce. In response to these discussants and others, Dr. Silverman reiterated his belief in the need to reconstruct preoedipal antecedents in an analysis and his agreement with the consensus that child analysis today should be direct and not through parents.