On the basis of histories obtained from a large sample of transvestite men, the authors observe that cross-dressing usually becomes increasingly dissociated from conscious sexual excitement. They conclude that transvestism is primarily an effort to avoid separation anxiety. Feminine clothes are worn to enact a fusion with the pregenital mother. The defensive function of submission to ward off castration anxiety is seen as a secondary purpose of cross-dressing. Contrary to Stoller's reports, the authors find that transvestism has usually not been initiated or encouraged by a parent.