The complexity of the subject and the richness of the late Dr. Benedek's observations over so many years of experience make this a particularly worthwhile article. The format is rather unique. First, the author reviews in detail J. Strouse's book, Women in Analysis: Dialogues on Psychoanalytic Views of Femininity. Second, she gives a lengthy presentation of psychobiological factors in the psychology of women, much of which has appeared in her other writings. Third, she discusses sexuality, and fourth, the polarity of the sexes. Among the many topics covered are the physiological and psychological components of sexuality: what motherliness is, how one differentiates motherliness from mothering, how the changing role of the father affects the development of his children which in turn influences the constellation of the family situation in general. Finally, the origin and the significance of the polarity of the sexes is discussed. Benedek makes a plea for the continuation of the polarity of the sexes despite current cultural pressures.