The areas of countertransference that have not been fully explored are related to those areas which touch upon the analyst's own narcissistic difficulties. The author uses much clinical material to justify this position. He cites two sources of the analyst's discomfort in the analytic situation which have been neglected. The first is that the practicing clinician does not recognize that there are many different models of the mind, assuming the presence of only one model with which he or she is familiar. The second source of the analyst's difficulties is the inevitability of constant narcissistic threats or wounds to which he or she is subjected. As a means of combating the difficulties that occur when the analyst feels uncomfortable, Gunther suggests that the analyst use what he calls "selective empathy," a kind of trial and error procedure.