This extremely complex article on the one hand maintains the importance and significance of psychoanalysis, and on the other differs radically with the attempts of Freud and his followers to keep psychoanalysis within the framework of the natural sciences, including its metapsychological framework. Basch attempts to debunk the concept that there is a mental apparatus or a mind-brain dichotomy. He prefers the language of communication and general systems theory, an orientation that does away with the distortions of Freud's pseudoscientific orientation which was based on Newtonian physics.