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Baum follows the life of the developing analyst from the first case in supervision, while still a candidate in personal analysis, through the various stages of progress to training analyst, giving examples of and commenting on the countertransference pitfalls at each stage. Baum uses countertransference in the restricted sense of an interference in the analysis stemming from the analyst's own neurotic processes; he is not concerned in the paper with the process of empathy or "normal countertransference." Examples range from interference due to similarities between the patient's life and the analyst's life, identifications with current figures such as training analyst or an object in the patient's life, current life situations such as the analyst's termination of his or her own analysis, or preoccupations with major life decisions or nonanalytic activities. Baum advocates beginning the first case after the end of personal analysis to obviate some of these problems, proposing that the student analyst would have a firmer personal identity and superego structure and would be less subject to acting out toward patients, supervisor, and institute. He also advocates that recognized countertransference should be analyzed by the analyst and not shared with the patient, except, very possibly, toward the end of an analysis.