DISCUSSION: Dr. Milton Horowitz spoke about Dr. Pfeffer's treatment of early positive experiences in which drive-attenuation or neutralization is prominent and stated that such experiences help the child to eliminate the threat of instinctual flooding in relation to primary objects. Such remembered experiences are those in which drives are tamed and from which comfort and a sense of affection can be obtained. Positive memories are organizing mental structures which have their impact upon fantasies and other memories and contribute to the development of a positive transference and working alliance. Often grandparents are important characters in such idealized, almost "remedial" memories—convenient objects upon whom to displace affectionate trends of the oedipal