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Bergeret considers a possible misuse or misconstrual of dreams in the course of psychoanalytic work. It is not simply a matter of stratifying a dream into manifest and latent contents. We should be open to the plurality of levels from which a dream issues. The author recalls Freud's thesis of a primary unconscious, an unconscious which never underwent repression, and also his thesis about a "fundamental language." On this latter level one must listen not only for traces of infantile affective life, but, in addition, for a mode of thought which is more archaic and primitive. Some pathways in a dream may descend into this archaic level. Bergeret makes some suggestions on correlating dreams with recent neurophysiological studies. He suggests that the basic dream activity is contemporaneous with deep sleep. The dream images are synchronous with the paradoxical EEG phase. Representations from the primary unconscious become veritable images attached to word-presentations, eye movements, pressure and pulse at the end of the paradoxical phase. Bergeret therefore discerns four levels of dream activity in analysis: 1) the preverbal level of the primary unconscious in which the basic dream activity occurs; 2) a shift into the secondary unconscious, linked