A seventeenth-century case of demoniacal possession, that of Christoph Haitzman, is reviewed according to the original interpretation by Freud along the lines of libido theory (projection of repressed unconscious instinctual life). The case was reinterpreted by Fairbairn (1943) and Guntrip (1961), who conceptualized Haitzman's illness in terms of bad internalized objects. Taylor describes a patient he treated who felt possessed by demons. He concludes that both oedipal and preoedipal conflicts were involved and that successful treatment, which he describes, required integration and application of libido and object-relations theory.