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Rouart reviews the narrow and broad definitions of countertransference, including in his study the recent work of Michel Neyraut in France and of Kohut in the United States. Both these authors have widened our understanding of the phenomena of empathy and countertransference. Even though Kohut does not pose the question explicitly, his work is of great importance to the problems of countertransference, the development of empathy, and the capacity to be an analyst. Narcissistic transference phenomena enter into any analysis at some time or other. The analyst's capacity for empathy derives, according to Kohut, from early but tolerable traumatization at the primitive phases in development. The outcome of such traumatization is the development of an extreme perceptual sensitivity, together with the secondary process modalities for the understanding and organization of such psychological stimuli. Seduction, which is earlier in origin and wider in scope than generally supposed, is involved in this traumatization in narcissism and in countertransference. It is one of the earliest manifestations of communication and is characteristic of the earliest moments of life in the original relationship with the mother. Hence the concepts of trauma and seduction aid in understanding transference and countertransference phenomena. The analytic situation is, in effect, a technically provoked traumatic situation, permitting the reappearance of past situations of danger, but with the energic discharge in small, discontinuous, and controlled doses. It is a situation which