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The author follows the categorization of transference by Joseph Sandler and his co-workers: (1) transference predominantly of past experiences revived in the
analysis; (2) transference predominantly of current relationships; and (3) transference predominantly of character traits, habitual modes of relating to the world as a whole. Various forms of externalization are included in these transferences. Externalization is defined as the attribution of any aspect of the person to the external world. Projection is a specific form of externalization, namely, the attribution to another of a wish or impulse of one's own. This is then felt by the subject as being directed back against himself. Superego externalization is a normal phase-specific defense in early latency, and the child's parents and teachers should be helped to help the child accept his own painful feelings. The analytic treatment of a boy of seven and a half years is used to demonstrate the importance of early recognition of superego externalization and the need to differentiate it from transference phenomena. Countertransference externalization is also briefly discussed.