Chambon argues for the unitary character of anxiety, whether its manifestations attach to genital fantasies in the course of a neurosis or express pregenital fantasy life in psychosis. Anxiety is all of a kind in its consequences at the level of the ego. In treatment one sees parallels in the modalities of expression of

anxiety whether the instinctual process be sexual-aggressive or self-preservative (narcissistic). Chambon believes that there should be further metapsychological studies of anxiety. Even though the bibliography on anxiety is huge, not much new has been contributed since Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety. Pasche's work on anxiety is of great importance, offering a very deep psychoanalytic study of anxiety. But the claim for an essential duality is not, Chambon argues, established.