Chiland criticizes Pasche's discussion of Spinoza, for she does not see how terms like oedipal or pregenital can apply to the great philosophers. Philosophy and science were born at the same time. They are two regions of discourse, one of which, science, has become very successful. Philosophy has been less successful, but we cannot expect man to renounce discussing the self, the world, God, time, liberty, etc. Chiland sees creativity as a particular form of struggle against anxiety, whether the work created is philosophical, literary, artistic, or scientific. The work is something more than a direct discharge of impulses, a direct expression of anxiety. Our encounter with such cultural constructions overshadows the narrow psychoanalytic reading of the work, and only a few literary texts approach free association. We must understand that metapsychology is not metaphysics, and Freud by no means dealt with the metaphysical question of anxiety.