Fénelon discusses the role of nostalgia which may be predominant in certain cases. He discusses the case of Marcel, who presented with nostalgia, depression, a scarcity of memories, an abundant fantasy life, and a resistance to transference. By nostalgia Fénelon refers to a tendency of Marcel's to desire a return to the past, or to search in the future for what was in the past. He argues that nostalgia is a defense against mourning. Nostalgia keeps the lost object firmly present and exterior to oneself. A difficulty in the treatment of such patients is presented by anal regression and moral masochism in the transference. This