In an effort to clarify the process of psychoanalytic supervision, Levenson starts with a simple observation from his own experience. When he supervises, he notes, "all is clear to me." However, when he is doing therapy, he is "perplexed, bored, confused and at sea." The difference between supervision and psychotherapy is a result of the employment of a higher level of abstraction in the supervisory process. Levenson enumerates six different styles of supervision: 1) Holding or Confirming—the supervisor is neutral; 2) Teutonic or By the Numbers—the supervisor teaches a manual of prescribed situations and responses; 3) the Algorithmic Approach—the supervisor teaches a series of steps; 4) the Metatherapeutic Approach—the