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In Fromm's dialogic writings, hope is an important intrinsic element of psychic life. It cannot be adequately described in words, and it is born out of the experiencing
of the full depth of one's despair. If one can suffer, then one can hope. Horney Eckardt believes that many patients are very cautious about "daring to hope" for fear of disappointment. A clinical example is presented, and therapeutic change is discussed. The author concludes, "My therapeutic message is that hidden hopes and wishes need to be recognized, affirmed, and encouraged."