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Freud supposed that Groddeck borrowed the term "id" from Nietzsche. The author, in his search for the term's source, points out the great significance of Schopenhauer as "precursor" of Freud and also mentions Eduard von Hartmann (as well as Lichtenberg and Feuerbach). Freud's reference to Nietzsche is interpreted as a misattribution (on the basis of a cryptomnesia) which has been retained in the secondary literature.