Ryle uses a cognitive model to compare psychoanalytic and other therapies. For him a procedural model describes all purposive actions in terms of procedures involving assessment of capacity, predicting consequences of action, selecting means of acting, assessing results, etc. He describes neurotic, borderline, and personality disorders in these terms. All procedures are modifiable and involve constant revision, feedback, and prediction throughout life, within therapy or outside of it. Ryle describes how he believes different therapies act at different points in this cycle, and how the consequences of any therapeutic act are integrated into and modify the