Adoption influences the fantasy systems and the unconscious communications of each member of the family. Identity integration is influenced in the adopted child, his adoptive parents, and grandparents. Blum examines the conflicts and crises that accompany each stage of adaptation to the adoption process. The infertility which usually precedes adoption can be associated with a sense of castration, punishment, narcissistic injury, anxious over-investment in biological techniques, and marital crisis. Adoptive parents may tend to blame the child for not providing narcissistic