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Therapeutic alliance is defined by the authors exclusively in terms of the patient's activity in psychotherapy. Their study was designed to distinguish the therapeutic alliance, as they defined it, from transference. From this perspective, the relationship between the therapist's technique and the therapeutic alliance and that between the patient's transference and the therapeutic alliance become questions
open to empirical research. The authors devised a "collaboration" scale of several independent variables which they believed would reflect the patient's contribution to the therapeutic alliance. Trained raters evaluated typed transcripts of psychotherapy sessions according to these criteria. The component scales most highly correlated with overall collaboration ratings were: "makes good use of therapist's efforts" (.96); "works actively" (.92); "shows resistance" (-.89); "reflects" (.88); and "is motivated to change" (.87). Because the transcripts had eliminated vocal and nonverbal cues, it proved difficult to assess affect. These findings appear consistent with those of earlier investigators. The authors hope to identify in subsequent studies those interventions that may enhance or detract from collaboration at the lower levels of trust and acceptance.