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Countertransference potentially constitutes an important source of analytic data and can serve to facilitate or to hinder the analytic task. Particularly when unrecognized, countertransference can pose difficulties. The author describes both the resistance to awareness of countertransference and the use of countertransference as resistance as entities roughly analogous to the more familiar concepts of resistance to awareness of transference and use of the transference for purposes of resistance. Unconscious identification with the patient and with the patient's projections is discussed as countertransference resistance which impedes analysis of underlying fantasies and interactions. Analysts should be highly attuned to subtle indications of countertransference and its use as resistance. A case example illustrates several instances of the analyst's defensive use of countertransference, in collusion with particular transference wishes of the patient. The author views such occurrences as inevitable in any analysis, and suggests that the collusion and subsequent efforts to unravel what occurred may be central to the analytic work. An additional suggestion is that attentiveness to one set of transference-countertransference feelings may serve to obscure awareness of other, more threatening sets of transference-countertransference feelings.