Stein explores the manifestations and determinants of "culture shock" and "future shock," both of which he views as reparative efforts with respect to unconscious conflict. He refers to Erikson, Winnicott, and Volkan in explaining responses to cultural change. Stein observes that persons experiencing "culture shock" and "future shock" must engage in a mourning process to maintain a state of health. He perceptively notes that the frequent recommendation of "networking" and "support groups" to those suffering from symptoms aroused by culture change may be counterproductive, in that they ward off conflicts over separations, object loss, and identity rather than offer pathways to resolution.