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In spite of the changes wrought in theory by Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), Freud's conception of interpretation continued to reflect the influence of his earlier theorizing, especially the topographical point of view and metapsychology as it had been up until 1917. The concepts of double inscription in consciousness and in the unconscious, and the separate representations of thing and of word were prominent. For the psychoanalyst of 1917, the work of interpretation was, in effect, the mirror opposite of dreamwork. The rule of interpretation was the same as that in the interpretation of a dream: each element should be considered equally. Deviations and shortcomings from this rule were indications of countertransference. This is an unrealizable rule because of its very perfectionism, and it is the product of a theory of exact interpretation. In this conception of 1917 we can see that Freud never abandoned his belief in the therapeutic efficacy of the search after the truth. Fain criticizes this notion of an "ideal interpretation," in which the analyst seeks after the truth and reveals the truth to the patient when he can cognitively accept it, a conception which seems to underlie much of Freud's view. It is not always evident that the truth is more attractive than the illness, and interpretations may place the analytic setting itself in jeopardy. These utopian requirements of neutrality and perfection of technique are unrealistic and, if they could be implemented, might make the analysis boring for both patient and analyst. The topographical point of view did not take on its full meaning, nor were its full ramifications understood, until the elaboration of the structural point of view. The theory had to come to terms with narcissism, the theme that was gradually being introduced between 1913 and 1920. Another reason for revision of the theory of interpretation is to assimilate our current understanding of narcissism.