Analytic thinking about neutrality has traditionally assumed an analyst-observer external to the intrapsychic play of forces being analyzed. Such a view derives from nineteenth century notions of the scientist as external to, and uninvolved in, the processes he is investigating. Greenberg believes that Anna Freud's discussion of neutrality as equidistant from each of the psychic structures is tied to such outdated notions about the observer's externality, objectivity, and impartiality. He laments the unfortunate and erroneous equation of neutrality with inactivity. Rather than abandoning the term neutrality, he feels we should reformulate it in the context of a theory that views psychic structure as an outgrowth not of drives but of interpersonal relationships, with the analyst as a participant observer. In this view, the analyst